Welcome to the ultimate state travel guide, designed to unveil the hidden gems and highlight the must-see spots across the US. 

Today’s feature is all about the heart of the Midwest, Illinois. Here we have a state that oozes charm and is steeped in history. Sure, Chicago may be the first (or only) thing that comes to mind when thinking of this state, but don’t let that blind you. There truly is so much to be unearthed in this land of sprawling metroplexes and wide open spaces.

Each state tells a story all of its own, and Illinois, with its wealth of history and culture, is no exception. Whether you’re a Nature Lover, Night Owl, Foodie, History Buff, Adrenaline Junkie, or a Hidden Gem Hunter, you’ll find a bit of everything in the Prairie State. So then, let’s have a look into the wonders of Illinois!

Illinois’s Rich History

Known as the Inland Empire, Illinois is a land where rich historical narratives weave together the stories of ancient indigenous civilizations, European settlers, and African Americans seeking refuge in the Free North.

Long before European settlers arrived, Illinois was home to a variety of indigenous societies dating back tens of thousands of years – one of which being one of the largest and most significant in all of North America. These groups developed complex communities with rich traditions, living in harmony with the land through mound building, elaborate trade networks, sophisticated agricultural practices, hunting, and fishing. Here’s a deeper look into the different periods of human civilization in Illinois:

Paleo-Indian Period (12,000 – 8,000 BCE): The earliest known inhabitants of Illinois were part of the Paleo-Indian culture. These early people were highly mobile hunter-gatherers who relied on large game animals such as mastodons and mammoths. Evidence of their presence in Illinois includes the discovery of Clovis and Folsom projectile points, as well as other stone tools used for hunting and processing game.

Archaic Period (8,000 – 1,000 BCE): Following the Paleo-Indian period, the Archaic period marked a time of significant adaptation and innovation. As the climate warmed and the megafauna disappeared, the inhabitants of Illinois diversified their subsistence strategies. They began to exploit a wider range of resources, including small game, fish, and plant materials. This period saw the development of new technologies such as ground stone tools and atlatls for hunting. Sites like the Koster Site provide valuable insights into the Archaic period, revealing information about their diet, tools, and settlement patterns.

Woodland Period (1,000 BCE – 1,000 CE): The Woodland period saw the development of more complex societies and the advent of agriculture in Illinois. The indigenous peoples of this era began to establish more permanent settlements. They cultivated crops such as maize, beans, and squash, and developed sophisticated pottery and basketry traditions. The construction of burial mounds and earthworks, such as those found at the Albany Mounds, indicate a growing complexity in social and religious practices. The Hopewell culture, known for its elaborate trade networks and ceremonial practices, also influenced the region during this time.

Mississippian Period (700 – 1400 CE): One of the most significant pre-Columbian cultures in Illinois was the Mississippian culture. The Cahokia Mounds, located near present-day St. Louis, is one of the largest and most complex archaeological sites in North America from this period. Cahokia was a major urban center with a population that may have exceeded 20,000 at its peak. The site includes massive earthen mounds, such as Monk’s Mound, which served as platforms for temples and residences of the elite. The Mississippian culture was characterized by advanced agricultural techniques, extensive trade networks, and complex social and political structures.

Contact Period (1,600 CE onwards): By the time European explorers arrived in the 17th century, Illinois was inhabited by several well-established indigenous nations, including the Illiniwek (Illinois Confederacy), Miami, and Potawatomi. These groups had developed extensive trade networks and diplomatic alliances. They thrived in Illinois’s temperate environments, from the fertile river valleys to the dense woodlands. The arrival of Europeans brought significant changes, including new technologies like firearms, foreign diseases, and ongoing power struggles that for all intents and purposes decimated native life in the region.

The French were the first Europeans to explore Illinois in the 17th century. Explorers like Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet mapped the region, establishing trading posts and fostering relations with the native tribes. This period laid the foundation for future European settlement, which accelerated after the American Revolution.

Later, Illinois played a significant role in African American history, particularly in terms of the Underground Railroad during the Great Migration, when thousands of African Americans moved from the South to the North seeking freedom and opportunity. Chicago emerged as a cultural powerhouse, producing influential figures in music, literature, and civil rights. The legendary blues scene and the historic Bronzeville neighborhood, often referred to as the “Black Metropolis,” became epicenters of African American culture.

Illinois also made significant contributions to the American Civil War. As the home state of Abraham Lincoln, it played a crucial role in the fight to preserve the Union. Lincoln’s legacy continues to be a source of pride for Illinoisans, symbolized by numerous memorials and the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum in Springfield.

Today, Illinois is a fascinating mix of cultural legacies and influences from around the globe. From the bustling metropolis of Chicago, with its towering skyscrapers to the rolling farmlands and historic sites scattered throughout the state, Illinois is established as an indispensable piece of the American puzzle.

Best Time to Visit Illinois

Illinois’s climate offers the full range of four distinct seasons, making it a year-round destination depending on your interests. Here’s a quick guide:

Spring (March to May): Mild temperatures, blooming flowers, and perfect for outdoor activities like hiking and sightseeing. Ideal for witnessing the state’s natural beauty come to life.

Summer (June to August): Warm weather perfect for exploring parks, enjoying outdoor adventures, and experiencing lively festivals. The season for enjoying Lake Michigan’s beaches and vibrant street fairs.

Autumn (September to November): Cooler weather, fall foliage, and stunning landscape colors. A great time for scenic drives and harvest festivals celebrating local produce.

Winter (December to February): Winter sports, holiday festivities, and indoor cultural events. Think cozy firesides, ice skating, and festive markets.

Getting to Illinois

Traveling to Illinois is a breeze with modern transportation options:

Flying: Major international airports in Chicago (O’Hare and Midway), and other regional airports in Springfield, Peoria, and Rockford, connect you to various destinations with ease.

Road Tripping: Explore scenic byways or historic routes like the historic Route 66. Illinois’s well-maintained highways make road trips a delightful experience.

Train Travel: Amtrak’s Illinois Service connects you comfortably to cities like Chicago, Springfield, and beyond, offering a scenic way to see the state.

Public Transport: Once you’ve arrived, buses, trains, and subways in Chicago run frequently and efficiently and make getting around a breeze. Chicago’s public transit system is by far one of the best in the country!

Top Things to Do in Illinois

🏞️ For Nature Enthusiasts:

Illinois is a paradise for nature lovers, offering an array of stunning parks, serene lakes, and scenic trails. Whether you’re seeking a peaceful retreat or an adventure-filled escape, the Prairie State has it all.

Starved Rock State Park (Ogelsby): This park is like Mother Nature’s own amusement park, minus the lines and overpriced snacks. Known for its dramatic landscapes, Starved Rock features 13 miles of hiking trails that lead to breathtaking canyons and overlooks. Waterfalls cascade down cliffs, creating postcard-perfect views that’ll have you snapping photos at every turn. Perfect for photographers and adventurers alike, this park is a must-visit.

Mississippi Palisades State Park (Savanna): Where the great Mississippi River shows off its dramatic flair by carving out towering bluffs and winding valleys that would make any roller coaster green with envy. Imagine a place where ancient limestone cliffs rise majestically above the shimmering river, providing a backdrop so picturesque it could double as a landscape artist’s dream canvas.

Illinois Beach State Park (Zion): Nestled along the shores of Lake Michigan, this park offers pristine beaches, rolling dunes, and tranquil wetlands. It’s an ideal spot for swimming, picnicking, and wildlife watching. Escape the urban jungle and immerse yourself in the natural one, where the soothing sounds of waves meet the calls of native birds.

🌃 For Night Owls:

Chicago’s nightlife is legendary, especially for those seeking vibrant, inclusive spots. The city comes alive after dark, offering everything from energetic dance floors to intimate jazz lounges.

Roscoe’s Tavern (Chicago): An iconic gay bar in Boystown with lively drag shows and dance floors that will keep you moving and cruising ;) all night long. It’s a staple in the LGBTQ+ community and a must-visit for its electric atmosphere. Themed nights here are legendary, so come prepared for an unforgettable evening.

The Green Mill (Chicago): Step back in time at this historic speakeasy, once frequented by Al Capone. The ambiance and jazz music transport you to the Roaring Twenties, where you can sip on classic cocktails and feel like you’re part of a bygone era. The live performances are top-notch, making it a cultural and historical experience in one.

Sidetrack (Chicago): Another gem in Boystown, known for its fun atmosphere, show tunes, and strong cocktails. It’s the perfect place for a night out with friends, where you can belt out Broadway hits and nobody will judge you—at least not too much.

🍽️ For Foodies:

Illinois is a culinary playground where you can indulge in iconic deep-dish pizza, traditional Native American cuisine, and everything in between. The state’s diverse food scene is a testament to its rich cultural heritage.

The Purple Pig (Chicago): This delicious hotspot offers Mediterranean-inspired dishes that are a feast for the senses. Located on Magnificent Mile, it’s a foodie’s paradise with small plates that pack big flavors. Pair your meal with a carefully curated wine list, and you’re in for a culinary experience that’s hard to beat.

Mitchell’s Native American Cuisine (Carterville): Dive into traditional indigenous dishes like bison stew and fry bread at this traditional Native American restaurant. It’s a unique dining experience that honors the region’s original inhabitants, offering flavors that tell a story of the land and its people.

Lou Malnati’s Pizzeria (Chicago): No trip to Illinois is complete without indulging in Chicago’s famous deep-dish pizza. Lou Malnati’s is legendary for its buttery crust, chunky tomato sauce, and cheesy goodness. This is more than just pizza; it’s a slice of culinary history.

🏛️ For Culture & History Enthusiasts:

Illinois is a treasure trove of cultural and historical landmarks, from indigenous heritage to African American history. Dive deep into the state’s rich tapestry and discover its many stories.

Cahokia Mounds (Collinsville): The Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site on the banks of the Mississippi River is situated right across the water from St. Louis, Missouri. Featuring mounds from ancient civilizations, Cahokia was the largest and most complex pre-Columbian settlement north of Mexico. At its peak around 1100 AD, it covered about six square miles and had a population of 10,000 to 20,000 people, making it larger than many European cities of the same period.

DuSable Museum of African American History (Chicago): Learn about the history and contributions of Black Americans, with a focus on Chicago’s rich heritage. The museum hosts engaging exhibits and educational programs that celebrate and preserve African American culture, making it a must-visit for anyone interested in the profound impact of African American history on the city and the country.

Art Institute of Chicago: Wander through exhibits featuring masterpieces by Picasso, Monet, and Grant Wood. This world-class museum is a treasure trove for art lovers, offering a journey through centuries of artistic expression. Each gallery tells a story, making it a rich cultural experience that will leave you inspired.

🪂 For the Adrenaline Junkies:

If you crave heart-pounding thrills and adrenaline-pumping activities, Illinois has unique options that will leave you breathless (in a good way). Get ready for some unforgettable adventures.

Skydeck at Willis Tower (Chicago): Step out onto The Ledge at Skydeck Chicago, located on the 103rd floor of the Willis Tower. These glass boxes extend out from the skyscraper, giving you a clear view straight down 1,353 feet. It’s a dizzying, exhilarating experience that offers unparalleled views of the city.

Six Flags Great America (Chicago): This classic amusement park is packed with exhilarating roller coasters, drenching water rides, and fun-filled attractions. Whether you’re a thrill-seeker craving the twists and turns of the Goliath or looking for family-friendly fun at Hurricane Harbor, Six Flags promises a day of non-stop excitement. Buckle up and get ready for the ride of your life!

Fright Fest Six Flags (Chicago): Another Six Flags experience, but this one you can only cash in on during the Halloween season! This annual event transforms the park into a terrifying playground filled with haunted houses, spooky shows, and creepy scare zones. Whether you dare to face the monsters lurking in the shadows or just want to enjoy the festive frights, Fright Fest offers thrills and chills for all ages. Enter if you dare!

💎 Hidden Gem: Shawnee National Forest

Nestled in the southern tip of Illinois, Shawnee National Forest is a hidden gem that often goes unnoticed by many travelers. This breathtaking natural area is a haven for outdoor enthusiasts, offering unique rock formations, lush forests, and diverse wildlife. The Garden of the Gods, with its dramatic sandstone formations, provides stunning panoramic views that make for perfect photo opportunities and memorable hikes. The serene trails of Pomona Natural Bridge and Bell Smith Springs invite visitors to explore clear waters, natural rock bridges, and scenic paths that showcase the area’s geological history. Whether you’re looking to hike, swim, or simply bask in nature’s tranquility, Shawnee National Forest offers a peaceful retreat that feels worlds away from the hustle and bustle of everyday life. It’s the perfect destination for those seeking to connect deeply with nature and uncover the unspoiled (and unfortunately rare) natural beauty of Illinois.

Conclusion

Illinois is a state bursting with possibilities, from its stunning parks to its elaborate history and vibrant cultural scene. Whether you’re into outdoor adventures, nightlife, culinary delights, or historical exploration, Illinois has something for every traveler. Pack your bags and get ready to explore some of the best the Midwest can provide. Šaaye or “goodbye” in Myaamiaataweenki, the language of the Miami-Illinois people.

Happy travels!